Introduction
A. Definition of cashless payments
Cashless payments refer to any kind of payment that does not involve the exchange of physical currency. This includes payments made through debit cards, credit cards, e-wallets, mobile banking, and other digital payment options.
B. Overview of cashless payments in India
Cashless payments in India have experienced a dramatic increase in popularity in recent years. This has been driven largely by the Indian government’s focus on promoting digital payments and the rise of mobile payment apps such as Paytm, PhonePe, Google Pay, and more.
The Indian government has been actively promoting digital payments in order to reduce the use of cash and increase financial inclusion. This has been done through initiatives such as the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and the Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY).
UPI is a payment system that allows users to transfer money directly from their bank accounts to other bank accounts using their mobile phones. PMJDY is a government-backed scheme that provides bank accounts to those who are financially excluded.
In addition to UPI and PMJDY, the Indian government has also introduced a number of other initiatives to encourage digital payments.
These include the introduction of Aadhaar-enabled payments, which allow users to make payments using their Aadhaar Card number, and the Bharat QR code system, which enables payments to be made using QR codes.
As more and more Indians use digital payments, the government keeps taking steps to promote and make it easier for people to pay without cash. This includes launching new initiatives like the Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS) and the National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI) to promote interoperability and uniformity in digital payments.
The use of cashless payments in India is rapidly growing. According to a report from the Reserve Bank of India, the total value of digital transactions in India increased from Rs 19.3 trillion in FY 2016–17 to Rs 25.3 trillion in FY 2017–18.
Advantages of Cashless Payments in India
A. Improved security
Cashless payments are much more secure than cash payments. Since transactions are encrypted and stored in secure databases, fraud and theft are much less likely to happen.
B. Improved convenience and accessibility
Cashless payments offer the convenience of making payments anytime, anywhere with just a few taps on a smartphone or computer. This eliminates the need to carry cash and stand in long queues at ATMs and banks. This makes it easier for customers to make payments and for businesses to accept them.
C. Faster Transactions
Cashless payments are much faster than cash payments. Transactions can be completed in a matter of seconds, which makes it ideal for making quick payments.
D. Increased transparency
Cashless payments make it easier to keep track of payments and prevent fraud because they leave a clearer record of all transactions, including the date and details of the payee and receiver, what was purchased, and so on.
New Cashless Payment Methods in India
Digital payment options
Digital payments have grown exponentially in India over the past decade, with the country now boasting one of the most advanced FinTech ecosystems in the world. The payments landscape in India is now dominated by digital payment methods such as mobile wallets, UPI, cards, and internet banking. Here’s a quick overview of the different digital payment methods in India, their features and pros and cons.
UPI (Unified Payments Interface)
- Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is an instant real-time payment system launched by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) in 2016 regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). UPI allows users to make instant, secure payments directly from their bank accounts to any other bank account in India on a mobile platform. UPI is built on the Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) platform and is interoperable with other bank accounts.It uses a unique virtual payment address (VPA) to send and receive money digitally.
- UPI is integrated with most major Indian banks and is available through mobile banking apps. The main features of UPI include real-time money transfers, secure transactions, and low transaction fees.
- UPI is a revolutionary payment system that makes it easier for customers to make and receive payments without having to enter long bank account numbers or IFSC codes.
Pros: It is quick and easy to use, requires no additional authentication, and is accepted at most merchant outlets.
Cons: It is not available outside of India and is not supported by some smaller banks.
Overall, UPI payments are secure and easy to use. They provide a convenient way to transfer money and make payments to merchants without having to share bank details. However, they do not currently support international payments.
Point of Sale (POS) Terminals
- POS terminals are used by merchants to accept payments from customers via credit/debit cards, prepaid cards, and e-wallets.Cards are one of the oldest digital payment methods in India, and they are still widely used today. Credit and debit cards are accepted at physical stores as well as online stores, and they offer convenience, security, and rewards for customers.
Pros: They are secure and accepted at most merchant outlets.
Cons: They may require additional authentication and may be subject to additional fees.
IMPS (Immediate Payment Service)
- IMPS is an electronic fund transfer service provided by NPCI. It allows customers to transfer funds from their account to another account within seconds. IMPS is available through mobile banking apps and most banks.
Pros: It is fast, secure, and widely accepted.
Cons: It is not available outside India and is not supported by some smaller banks.
eWallets
- eWallets are digital wallets that can be used to make payments online. The most popular eWallets in India are Paytm, MobiKwik, and Freecharge.
Pros: They are convenient, secure, and can be used anywhere.
Cons: They are not accepted at all merchant outlets and may require additional authentication.
Net Banking
Internet banking is a digital payment method that allows users to transfer money and make payments from their bank accounts. It is a secure way to make payments and is widely accepted across India.
Net Banking payments are generally secure and the customer's personal information is kept confidential. Banks use encryption technology to protect the customer's data so that it cannot be accessed by anyone other than the customer.
In order to use Net Banking in India, customers must have a valid Internet banking ID and password, which is provided by their bank. Once the customer has registered for Internet banking, they can log in to their bank's website and access the Net Banking portal. Once they are logged in, they can view their account details and make transactions.
Pros:
- Easy to use: Net Banking is extremely easy to use. All you need is a computer or a smartphone with an internet connection.
- Low Fees: Transferring funds through Net Banking is usually free or involves very low fees.
- International Payments: Net Banking allows you to make international payments as well.
- Automated Payments: You can set up automated payments for recurring bills and invoices.
Cons:
- Not Available Everywhere: Net Banking is not available in all parts of the world.
- Security Issues: Net Banking is vulnerable to cyber-attacks and frauds. It is important to ensure that the website you are using is secure.
- Limited Transfer Amounts: Net Banking has a limit on the amount you can transfer in one transaction.
- Time Delay: There may be a time delay in processing payments through Net Banking.
QR Code Payments
QR Code payments are a contactless payment system that allows users to make payments by scanning a QR code with their smartphones. QR Codes, or Quick Response Codes, are two-dimensional bar codes that can be scanned using a smartphone camera.
When a user scans a QR Code, they are automatically directed to a payment page, where they can enter their payment information and complete the transaction.
QR Code payments are convenient because they allow users to complete transactions without having to enter their payment details manually. This makes it much faster and easier for consumers to make payments, which helps to improve checkout times and customer satisfaction. In India, QR Code payments are supported by a number of major payment platforms, including Paytm, Google Pay, Amazon Pay, and PhonePe.
Pros:
- Convenient: QR Code payments are much faster and easier than traditional payment methods, as customers can complete transactions with just a few taps on their phone.
- Secure: QR Code payments are encrypted, meaning that the customer’s financial information is not shared with the merchant.
- Cost-effective: Merchants are able to save on transaction fees, as they no longer have to pay the processing fees associated with credit and debit cards.This can result in significant savings for merchants, which can be passed on to customers in the form of lower prices.
Cons:
- Security risks: As with any payment method, there is always a risk of fraud or identity theft. Customers should be sure to use a secure payment platform and keep their phone and payment information safe.
- Limited availability: Not all merchants accept QR Code payments, meaning that customers may have to use traditional payment methods in some situations.
Comparing Different Cashless Payment Methods in India
Pros and Cons of Cashless Payments in India
Impact of Cashless Payments in India
A. Economic Growth:
The cashless payment system in India has been gaining popularity since its introduction in 2016. The government has been promoting cashless payments to reduce the circulation of fake currency and black money. The cashless system has also helped to reduce the cost of printing and circulating currency. It has also enabled the government to better monitor and control the nation’s economy. Additionally, the cashless system has improved the efficiency of payments and transfers and allowed more people to access financial services. This has resulted in an increase in financial inclusion and economic growth in India.
B. Positive Environmental Impacts:
The cashless system has resulted in positive environmental impacts as well. By reducing the need for cash, it has reduced the amount of paper used for printing currency. This reduces the amount of energy and resources used for printing and the amount of waste generated from used currency. Additionally, the cashless system has reduced the need for ATMs and physical banking branches, which has resulted in a decrease in emissions from transportation. All of these environmental benefits contribute to a healthier and more sustainable economy in India.
Exploring the Benefits of Cashless Payments in India
A. How to get started with cashless payments
Choose a Payment Method: Decide which payment method you want to use for your cashless payments. Popular options include card readers for credit and debit cards, mobile payment apps, and e-payment systems like PayPal.
Set Up Your Cashless Payments System: Once you’ve chosen your payment method, you’ll need to set up your system. This includes things like acquiring the hardware or software you need, connecting the system to your bank account, and setting up any additional security measures.
Train Your Employees: Once your cashless payments system is up and running, make sure your employees know how to use it. Give them a step-by-step tutorial on how to process payments, and make sure they understand the security protocols in place.
Promote Your Cashless Payments System: Finally, don’t forget to promote your cashless payments system to your customers. Make sure they know you accept cashless payments and are familiar with the process. You may also want to offer discounts or other incentives to customers who use your cashless payments system.
B. Challenges Faced in India
Despite the advantages of cashless payments, there are still several challenges to adoption in India. These include:
- Lack of awareness: A majority of Indians are unaware of the various cashless payment options available and the associated benefits. This is due to lack of education, limited access to the internet, and a lack of access to financial services. Low digital literacy and a lack of understanding of how to use digital payment methods.
- Digital divide: India has a large population of unbanked and underbanked citizens, who lack access to the internet and banking services, making them unable to take advantage of the cashless payment options.
- Security concerns: India is still a largely cash-based society, and many citizens are wary of the security of digital payments. This is due to a lack of understanding of the security measures in place and a fear of cybercrime.
- Inadequate infrastructure: India has a limited infrastructure for digital payments, with inadequate internet connectivity, limited access to banking services, and a lack of merchant acceptance.
- High cost: Cashless payments often come with high transaction fees or commissions, making them an unattractive option for low-income households.
C. Government Initiatives to Promote Cashless Payments
The Government of India has taken several steps to promote the adoption of cashless payments. These include the launch of the Unified Payment Interface (UPI) and the Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) app, which provide a secure and convenient platform for digital payments. The government has also launched several awareness campaigns to educate citizens about the benefits of cashless payments.
- Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): This scheme, launched in August 2014, provides every Indian citizen with access to a bank account. The account is zero-balance, and holders can avail debit cards and overdrafts of up to Rs. 5,000. All transactions can be done either through cash or digital payments.
- Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY): Launched in May 2016, this scheme provides free LPG connections to poor households. All the transactions related to the scheme can be done digitally.
- BHIM App: Launched in December 2016, the BHIM App allows users to make payments using their mobile phones. This has made digital payments easier and more accessible.
- Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AEPS): AEPS is a secure payment system developed by the NPCI. It allows users to make payments using their Aadhaar number and biometric authentication.This mobile app was launched in April 2017 and allows users to make payments using their Aadhaar number and fingerprint.
- Unified Payment Interface (UPI): This payment system was launched in April 2016 and allows users to instantly transfer money between two bank accounts.
- National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT): NEFT is a payment system developed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to facilitate inter-bank money transfers. It allows users to transfer money from one bank account to another using the customer’s NEFT-enabled bank account.
- Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD): USSD is a mobile payment system that allows users to send money from one mobile phone to another using a USSD
- Digital India Initiative: The Digital India Initiative was launched in July 2015 and seeks to create an integrated digital infrastructure across India. It
Conclusion
Cashless payments offer several advantages over traditional methods of payment, including convenience, security, and speed. The Government of India has taken steps to promote the adoption of cashless payments, but there are still several challenges to be addressed. With the right incentives and awareness campaigns, cashless payments can become a more widespread form of payment in India.
